GitaChapter 11Verse 39

Gita 11.39

Vishvarupa Darshana Yoga

वायुर्यमोऽग्निर्वरुणः शशाङ्कः प्रजापतिस्त्वं प्रपितामहश्च । नमो नमस्तेऽस्तु सहस्रकृत्वः पुनश्च भूयोऽपि नमो नमस्ते ॥

vāyur yamo 'gnir varuṇaḥ śaśāṅkaḥ prajāpatis tvaṁ prapitāmahaś ca | namo namas te 'stu sahasra-kṛtvaḥ punaś ca bhūyo 'pi namo namas te ||

In essence: You are Wind, Death, Fire, Water, Moon, and the First Ancestor. A thousand salutations are not enough - again and again and yet again I bow to You!

A conversation between a seeker and guide to help you feel this verse deeply

Sadhak-Guru Dialogue

Sadhak: "Why list these particular gods? There are so many in Hindu tradition."

Guru: "These are the Vedic regents of natural forces and cosmic law. Each governs something fundamental to existence. Notice what they cover..."

Sadhak: "Wind is air and breath. Fire is energy and transformation. Varuna is water and moral order. Yama is death and consequences. Moon is mind and time cycles..."

Guru: "Exactly. Together they represent the fundamental operations of the cosmos: elements, energy, order, consequence, time. Krishna is not just their lord but their very being."

Sadhak: "What's the significance of 'prapitāmaha' - great-grandfather?"

Guru: "In Indian culture, the grandfather is revered as the elder who gave rise to your father. The great-grandfather is even more removed and venerable. 'Prapitāmaha' goes beyond even that - the ancestor before ancestors can be counted."

Sadhak: "So even Brahma, who is called Pitāmaha, has Krishna as his ancestor?"

Guru: "Precisely. The creator of the universe looks back and sees Krishna. The beginning has a before. Time's start had a prior."

Sadhak: "The repetition of salutations seems almost frantic..."

Guru: "It is the mathematics of devotion. How do you adequately honor the Infinite? One bow is insufficient. A thousand is insufficient. A thousand thousand is insufficient. The devotee realizes this and keeps bowing anyway - not to achieve sufficiency but to express love that doesn't calculate."

Did this resonate with you? Share it with someone who needs to hear this.

🌅 Daily Practice

🌅 Morning

Element acknowledgment: As you wake, acknowledge the cosmic forces in your immediate experience. Feel breath (Vāyu) entering. Notice inner fire of metabolism (Agni). Sense the water in your body (Varuṇa). Know that the day will end (Yama). See the rhythms of your mind (Śaśāṅka). Recognize these as divine presences, bow inwardly to each.

☀️ Daytime

Repetition practice: When you feel genuine gratitude today - for anything - try multiplying your acknowledgment. Thank not once but three times. If the gratitude persists, thank again. This practice of 'punaḥ ca bhūyaḥ' (again and yet more) cultivates the habit of expressing appreciation beyond the socially expected minimum.

🌙 Evening

Cosmic force meditation: Before sleep, trace your day through the five forces. Vāyu - where did breath sustain you? Agni - where did transformation occur? Varuṇa - where did order and flow appear? Yama - where did consequences manifest? Śaśāṅka - how did your mind move through cycles? See the day as the play of these divine forces.

Common Questions

Does this verse mean there are no separate gods - only Krishna wearing different masks?
This is one valid interpretation (Advaitic view). Another view holds that the gods have distinct personalities but derive their power and being from Krishna (Vishishtadvaitic view). Either way, the gods are not independent of Krishna - they are either His masks or His expressions. The practical implication is the same: worshipping any god is ultimately worshipping the One from whom that god emerges.
Why is the Moon (Śaśāṅka) included among great cosmic forces?
In Vedic cosmology, the Moon governs the mind (manas), emotional cycles, fertility, and time-keeping. The lunar calendar shaped agriculture and ritual. Śaśāṅka - 'one marked by a hare' - references the moon's markings. Mind and emotional life are as fundamental to existence as wind and fire, hence the Moon's place among cosmic regents.
Isn't 'a thousand times' just an expression? Why take the number seriously?
The number is indeed symbolic of 'uncountably many,' but the verse goes beyond even this - 'again and yet more again.' This progression shows mathematical infinity: not just a large number but an unending process. No matter how many salutations have been offered, more remain appropriate. This captures the inexhaustibility of divine glory and the endlessness of devotional possibility.