GitaChapter 4Verse 5

Gita 4.5

Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga

श्रीभगवानुवाच | बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन | तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप ||५||

śrī bhagavān uvāca | bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna | tāny ahaṁ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṁ vettha parantapa ||5||

In essence: Divine consciousness knows all its manifestations while ordinary consciousness forgets—this single difference between knowing and forgetting defines the gap between bondage and liberation.

A conversation between a seeker and guide to help you feel this verse deeply

Sadhak-Guru Dialogue

Sadhak: "Krishna says both he and Arjuna have had many births. Does this mean the soul reincarnates?"

Guru: "Focus less on the metaphysics of reincarnation and more on the experiential point Krishna makes. What does it mean that he remembers and Arjuna doesn't?"

Sadhak: "That... consciousness can either know its continuity or not know it?"

Guru: "Precisely. Whether or not you accept literal rebirth, recognize this: right now, you experience yourself as limited to this body, this history, this identity. Something has been forgotten. What would it mean to remember?"

Sadhak: "I don't even know what I've forgotten. How can I remember something I don't know I've lost?"

Guru: "You can't remember it through effort—that would be trying to use the limited mind to reach beyond its limits. But you can create conditions where remembrance happens. This is what spiritual practice does—it thins the veil of forgetting."

Sadhak: "What causes this forgetting in the first place?"

Guru: "Consider: could you have the experience of being a particular individual without forgetting your universality? The 'I' that says 'I am Arjuna' depends on not simultaneously knowing 'I am everything.' Forgetting isn't a flaw; it's the mechanism that makes individual experience possible."

Sadhak: "But Krishna doesn't forget. How can he be an individual and also know his universality?"

Guru: "This is the mystery of divine incarnation. Krishna appears as a particular being—with a body, a name, a history—yet maintains awareness of his unbounded nature. He plays the role without being lost in it. This is what the next verse will elaborate: appearing through māyā while being unborn."

Sadhak: "Is it possible for an ordinary person to achieve this? To remember while still living as an individual?"

Guru: "This is exactly what the Gita offers. Liberation isn't abandoning individuality but seeing through it—continuing to function as a person while knowing oneself as more than a person. You don't stop being Arjuna; you stop believing Arjuna is all you are."

Sadhak: "The gap between Krishna's knowing and Arjuna's not-knowing seems unbridgeable."

Guru: "The gap isn't in nature but in awareness. Arjuna's essence is no different from Krishna's essence—both are eternal. The difference is that Krishna knows this while Arjuna doesn't. The gap is made of forgetting, not of substance. What's made of forgetting can be unmade by remembering."

Sadhak: "How do I begin to remember?"

Guru: "Notice moments when the sense of being a separate self temporarily thins—in deep absorption, in love, in presence with nature, in meditation. These glimpses aren't creating something new; they're allowing what's been covered to show through. The practice isn't adding remembrance but removing the density of forgetting. This teaching itself is part of that removal."

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🌅 Daily Practice

🌅 Morning

Upon waking, before the day's identity fully assembles, notice the simple sense of being aware. For a moment, you exist without the story of who you are. This contentless awareness—is it different today than yesterday? Does it have age? Before you remember your name, your history, your problems, there is simply awareness present. This is a taste of what Krishna points toward: knowing that persists regardless of what's forgotten. Throughout the day, see if you can return to this simple awareness beneath all the remembered content. It doesn't replace your identity; it reveals the deeper knowing that your identity arises within.

☀️ Daytime

Notice moments when you 'forget yourself'—absorbed in work, lost in a conversation, immersed in nature. In these moments, the heavy sense of being a particular person temporarily lightens. This isn't unconsciousness; it's often peak awareness. What's forgotten is the constant self-referencing, not the knowing itself. These moments point toward a quality of awareness that doesn't depend on maintaining a personal narrative. When you return to self-consciousness, notice what gets added: stories, comparisons, worries. The knowing was there throughout; what returns is the forgetting of everything except the personal self. Practice recognizing this pattern repeatedly.

🌙 Evening

Before sleep, contemplate: what survives the transitions of your life? The body you have now is almost entirely different from the body of your childhood—cells have replaced cells. Your beliefs, preferences, relationships have all changed. Yet something seems continuous. What is that? Not your memories—they're unreliable and selective. Not your self-image—it's transformed many times. There's a witnessing presence that has been there through all changes, knowing each phase without being limited to it. This is what Krishna points toward. Rest in the recognition of this unchanging witness. As you approach sleep—a daily mini-death where personality dissolves—notice what knows even this dissolution. Something doesn't sleep.

Common Questions

If Krishna and Arjuna have both had many births, doesn't that make them equal? Why does Krishna claim superiority through knowing while Arjuna doesn't?
The point isn't superiority but different states of consciousness. A person in dreamless sleep and a person awake both have the same essential nature, but their functional relationship to reality differs entirely. Krishna isn't claiming to be made of different substance than Arjuna; he's pointing out that he's 'awake'—maintaining continuous awareness—while Arjuna is in a kind of spiritual sleep called forgetting. The invitation is for Arjuna to also wake up, not to worship someone ontologically different from himself. The teaching ultimately points toward the realization that 'you too are That'—but first, the forgetting must be recognized.
Modern neuroscience suggests that memory is a brain function. How can there be memory across births if the brain doesn't survive death?
The 'knowing' Krishna refers to isn't stored memory like facts in a database. It's more like a quality of awareness that doesn't lose itself in transitions. Consider: do you need brain-stored memory to know that you exist? The sense 'I am' is immediate, not retrieved. What Krishna retains across births is this fundamental awareness, not accumulated biographical data. The question of how consciousness relates to brain is genuinely open; neuroscience can show correlation between brain states and experiences but can't explain why there's subjective experience at all. The teaching invites experiential investigation: is there a dimension of your awareness that isn't dependent on what you remember or forget?
This sounds like Krishna is claiming to be God while Arjuna is just human. Isn't that a fundamental inequality?
Yes and no. In one sense, Krishna is revealing his divine nature—he is not merely human. But the Gita's deeper teaching is that the divine nature isn't exclusive to Krishna. The Atman in Arjuna is identical to the Brahman that Krishna embodies. The difference is realization, not essence. Krishna, as a fully realized being, knows his unity with the Supreme. Arjuna, temporarily veiled by ignorance, has forgotten. The entire Gita is Krishna helping Arjuna recover what he already is. The 'inequality' is like that between someone asleep and someone awake—real in terms of function, but dissolved the moment the sleeper awakens. The teaching aims at dissolution of the apparent gap, not worship of an unbridgeable difference.