GitaChapter 18Verse 2

Gita 18.2

Moksha Sanyasa Yoga

श्रीभगवानुवाच | काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं संन्यासं कवयो विदुः | सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणाः ||२||

śrī-bhagavān uvāca | kāmyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ sannyāsaṁ kavayo viduḥ | sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṁ prāhus tyāgaṁ vicakṣaṇāḥ ||2||

In essence: The sages define sannyasa as abandoning desire-driven actions; the wise define tyaga as abandoning the fruits of all actions—a distinction that separates external renunciation from internal freedom.

A conversation between a seeker and guide to help you feel this verse deeply

Sadhak-Guru Dialogue

Sadhak: "So sannyasa is about which actions to do, and tyaga is about attitude toward all actions?"

Guru: "Precisely. Sannyasa asks: 'Which actions should I avoid?' The answer: desire-motivated ones. Tyaga asks: 'How should I relate to the results of any action?' The answer: without attachment. One is categorical exclusion; the other is attitudinal transformation. Both address bondage but at different levels."

Sadhak: "What are 'kamya-karmas' exactly?"

Guru: "Actions performed specifically for desired results—typically Vedic rituals for material gains. 'I perform this sacrifice to obtain a son.' 'I do this ritual for wealth.' 'I observe this vow for heaven.' The motivation is personal acquisition. Sannyasa renounces this entire category, recognizing that desire-driven action perpetuates bondage regardless of success."

Sadhak: "But tyaga applies to ALL actions—even good ones?"

Guru: "'Sarva-karma-phala'—the fruits of ALL actions. Even noble actions, even dharmic duties, even spiritual practices. The attachment to results binds whether the result is worldly or spiritual. The tyagi performs the action fully but releases the fruit. This is more subtle and more demanding than avoiding certain action categories."

Sadhak: "Can someone practice both?"

Guru: "Ultimately, yes. A true sannyasi who abandons desire-driven action should also cultivate tyaga regarding whatever actions remain (teaching, worship, maintenance of body). A householder practicing tyaga may gradually find desire-motivated actions naturally falling away. They are not opposed but complementary, addressing bondage at different levels."

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🌅 Daily Practice

🌅 Morning

Review your day ahead: Which actions are you doing from desire for specific results (kamya)? Which from genuine duty regardless of result? This isn't judgment—just clarity. For kamya-type actions, can you hold the desired result more lightly? For all actions, can you offer the results before you even begin?

☀️ Daytime

Practice sarva-karma-phala-tyaga in small moments. When you complete a task, notice the impulse to check for results—appreciation, reward, outcome. Before checking, pause and mentally offer: 'Results belong to the larger order, not to me.' This tiny practice, repeated, transforms relationship to all action.

🌙 Evening

Reflect on which type of renunciation you find easier. Avoiding desire-driven action (sannyasa tendency)? Or acting fully while releasing results (tyaga practice)? Neither is wrong, but notice your natural orientation. Understanding your tendency helps you grow where you need it most.

Common Questions

Is Krishna presenting his own view or just reporting what others say?
He is presenting the traditional understanding before giving his own conclusion. 'Kavayah viduh' and 'vicakshanah prahuh' indicate these are established positions from respected authorities. Krishna will build on these, but first acknowledges the valid tradition. His definitive conclusion comes in verse 6.
Doesn't abandoning desire-motivated action mean abandoning most of what we do?
Much of ordinary action is desire-motivated, true. But kamya-karma in the technical sense refers particularly to optional rituals performed for specific gains. Required duties (nitya-karma) and occasional duties (naimittika-karma) are not included. However, the broader principle is significant: action motivated by personal desire creates bondage.
If tyaga means abandoning results of ALL actions, doesn't that include liberation itself?
This is a profound question that later verses address. True tyaga includes even attachment to liberation as a personal acquisition. The wise pursue liberation through prescribed means but without grasping at it as 'my' achievement. The fruit is offered to the Divine or simply released.