GitaChapter 15Verse 16

Gita 15.16

Purushottama Yoga

द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ लोके क्षरश्चाक्षर एव च | क्षरः सर्वाणि भूतानि कूटस्थोऽक्षर उच्यते ||१६||

dvāv imau puruṣau loke kṣaraś cākṣara eva ca | kṣaraḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni kūṭa-stho 'kṣara ucyate ||16||

In essence: Two Purushas exist in this world—the perishable and the imperishable. All beings are the perishable; the unchanging is called the imperishable.

A conversation between a seeker and guide to help you feel this verse deeply

Sadhak-Guru Dialogue

Sadhak: "I understand the perishable—everything I see changes and dies. But what exactly is the 'imperishable' that remains unchanged?"

Guru: "Consider: when a wave subsides, does the ocean disappear? The kṣara is like waves—particular forms arising and dissolving. The akṣara is like the ocean—the unmanifest substrate from which all waves arise and into which they return. Or think of it as the totality of jiva-consciousness: individual jivas may take different bodies (perishable), but the principle of jiva-hood persists (imperishable)."

Sadhak: "If the akṣara is imperishable and unchanging, is that the ultimate goal? Should I seek to become akṣara?"

Guru: "Many seekers aim for akṣara—the realization of the unchanging witness, the escape from perishable forms. But listen carefully to the next verses. Krishna will reveal a level beyond akṣara: the Purushottama, the Supreme Person who transcends both perishable and imperishable. Akṣara is high, but not the highest. The goal is Purushottama—and He is now about to declare Himself."

Sadhak: "Why are both called 'purusha'? I thought purusha meant the conscious self?"

Guru: "Purusha here has a broader meaning: the principle that is the locus of experience or existence. All beings (kṣara purusha) are experiencers, conscious entities in various forms. The imperishable (akṣara purusha) is the collective conscious principle that persists beyond particular forms. Both are 'purusha' in the sense of being related to consciousness, not mere inert matter."

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🌅 Daily Practice

🌅 Morning

Upon waking, notice the perishable: the sensations of the body, the transient thoughts, the changing light. Then sense into something that does not change: the awareness that witnesses all change. This is a taste of the kṣara-akṣara distinction. Rest briefly in the unchanging before engaging with the changing.

☀️ Daytime

When the perishable disappoints—as it inevitably does through loss, impermanence, failure—remember that there is an imperishable dimension within you. This is not escapism but perspective. You are both the changing and the witness of change. Let this recognition bring stability amidst the flux of daily life.

🌙 Evening

Reflect on the day's changes: energy fluctuated, moods shifted, situations evolved. All kṣara. What did not change? The capacity to be aware, the presence that witnessed the entire day. Fall asleep resting in the akṣara, the unchanging, while the kṣara (body and mind) surrenders to rest.

Common Questions

How does this relate to Sankhya's prakriti-purusha distinction?
In classical Sankhya, purusha is pure consciousness and prakriti is matter. The Gita's usage here is broader. 'Kṣara purusha' includes both subtle and gross prakritic manifestations inhabited by consciousness—embodied beings. 'Akṣara purusha' is the unmanifest, unchanging principle—akin to mūla-prakṛti or the eternal jiva-principle. The Gita then transcends even Sankhya's dualism by introducing Purushottama, who is beyond both purusha and prakriti as traditionally conceived.
Is the 'imperishable' the same as Brahman?
In some Vedantic interpretations, akṣara is identified with nirguṇa Brahman—the attributeless Absolute. But the Gita will now distinguish Purushottama as even beyond akṣara. This suggests that 'akṣara' here may refer to the conditioned Brahman, the Brahman as associated with māyā, or the cosmic soul—while Purushottama is the unconditioned, personal Absolute. Different schools interpret this differently, but all agree that Krishna is claiming a status beyond both the manifest and the unmanifest.